Publikationen

H. Mostofi, Masoumi

The Relationship between Regular Use of Ridesourcing and Frequency of Public Transport Use in the MENA Region (Tehran and Cairo) Journal Article

In: Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 19, pp. 8134, 2020.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: accessibility, Cairo, Egypt, ICT, Iran, MENA, Ridesourcing, Tehran, Urban transportation, urban travel behavior

H. Mostofi, Masoumi

The association between the regular use of ICT based mobility services and the bicycle mode choice in Tehran and Cairo Journal Article

In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 17, no. 23, pp. 8767, 2020.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: accessibility, Cairo, Egypt, ICT, Iran, MENA, mode choice, Ridesourcing, Tehran, Urban transportation

Houshmand Masoumi, E.

A Discrete Choice Analysis of Transport Mode Choice Causality and Perceived Barriers of Sustainable Mobility in the MENA Region Journal Article

In: Transport Policy, vol. 79, pp. 37-53, 2019.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Cairo, Egypt, Iran, Istanbul, sustainable mobility, Tehran, transportation preferences

@article{Masoumi2019b,

title = {A Discrete Choice Analysis of Transport Mode Choice Causality and Perceived Barriers of Sustainable Mobility in the MENA Region},

author = {Masoumi, Houshmand, E.},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2019.04.005},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-07-15},

journal = {Transport Policy},

volume = {79},

pages = {37-53},

abstract = {Although there is considerable number of studies on urban travel mode choice, there are still two gaps: we have limited understanding of perceived and attitudinal barriers of sustainable modes and motives of personal car use, and the causes (not correlations) of mode choice decisions are almost unknown for certain geographical contexts such as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). This study seeks to answer three questions: (1) what are the main barriers to choosing sustainable transport modes like active mobility and public transportation in the Middle East and North Africa? (2) which attitudinal or physical determinants define the transportation mode choice intentions and decisions in Tehran, Istanbul, and Cairo? and (3) what are the differences between the determinants of mode choice decisions in the case cities compared with those of Western societies? In this study, the data collected from 8284 interviewees in Tehran, Istanbul, and Cairo in 2017 were applied in a discrete choice model. The dependent variables of the modeling were the perceived main reasons against walking, biking, and public transit ridership, and the main factor encouraging car-driving. According to the findings, long walking distances, absences or lack of biking infrastructures, social and cultural problems and pressures against biking, and personal preference for cars compared to public transport prevent passengers from walking, biking, and using public transport. Comfort and convenience are the factors that make people avoid public transit in favor of cars. These determinants are fairly different from the main determinants of mode choice decisions in the Western societies. By applying a multinomial logistic regression model, 11 variables related to travel characteristics, perceptions, land-use and neighborhood, socio-economics, and self-selection were found significant or marginally significant in explaining all four models: the barriers to walking, biking, and public transit-use, and the motives for car-use. These findings support the hypothesis of this study that there are differences between the perceived and physical barriers to sustainable mobility as well as the motives of car-use in MENA megacities compared to Western societies. In short, mode-choice decisions and perceived determinants are context-sensitive. The conclusions of this study could be applied in urban and transportation planning in the MENA region to promote more sustainable mobility modes.},

keywords = {Cairo, Egypt, Iran, Istanbul, sustainable mobility, Tehran, transportation preferences},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close

Although there is considerable number of studies on urban travel mode choice, there are still two gaps: we have limited understanding of perceived and attitudinal barriers of sustainable modes and motives of personal car use, and the causes (not correlations) of mode choice decisions are almost unknown for certain geographical contexts such as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). This study seeks to answer three questions: (1) what are the main barriers to choosing sustainable transport modes like active mobility and public transportation in the Middle East and North Africa? (2) which attitudinal or physical determinants define the transportation mode choice intentions and decisions in Tehran, Istanbul, and Cairo? and (3) what are the differences between the determinants of mode choice decisions in the case cities compared with those of Western societies? In this study, the data collected from 8284 interviewees in Tehran, Istanbul, and Cairo in 2017 were applied in a discrete choice model. The dependent variables of the modeling were the perceived main reasons against walking, biking, and public transit ridership, and the main factor encouraging car-driving. According to the findings, long walking distances, absences or lack of biking infrastructures, social and cultural problems and pressures against biking, and personal preference for cars compared to public transport prevent passengers from walking, biking, and using public transport. Comfort and convenience are the factors that make people avoid public transit in favor of cars. These determinants are fairly different from the main determinants of mode choice decisions in the Western societies. By applying a multinomial logistic regression model, 11 variables related to travel characteristics, perceptions, land-use and neighborhood, socio-economics, and self-selection were found significant or marginally significant in explaining all four models: the barriers to walking, biking, and public transit-use, and the motives for car-use. These findings support the hypothesis of this study that there are differences between the perceived and physical barriers to sustainable mobility as well as the motives of car-use in MENA megacities compared to Western societies. In short, mode-choice decisions and perceived determinants are context-sensitive. The conclusions of this study could be applied in urban and transportation planning in the MENA region to promote more sustainable mobility modes.

Close

Houshmand Masoumi, E. ; Terzi

Neighborhood-Scale Urban Form Typologies of Large Metropolitan Areas: Observations on Tehran, Istanbul, and Cairo Journal Article

In: Cities, vol. 85, pp. 170-186, 2019.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Cairo, Density, Egypt, Iran, Istanbul, large cities, MENA, Tehran

@article{Masoumi2019aa,

title = {Neighborhood-Scale Urban Form Typologies of Large Metropolitan Areas: Observations on Tehran, Istanbul, and Cairo},

author = {Masoumi, Houshmand, E.; Terzi, Fatih; & Serag, Yehya},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.09.005},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-02-15},

journal = {Cities},

volume = {85},

pages = {170-186},

abstract = {The micro-level urban morphology of large cities in the Middle East and North Africa and southeastern Europe has not been thoroughly investigated, and its transformation during the past decades has remained less-studied. Hence, this study is meant to partially explain urban morphology of Istanbul, Cairo, and Tehran, three megacities of the region by focusing on the historical neighborhood typologies of the past century. The overall aim of this study is to address the feedbacks of historical urban transformations during the past 100 or 150 years to some important aspects of livability like mobility and social interactions. The objectives are to define the typologies of neighborhoods in the three cities and how they have changed over time, to clarify if the neighborhood-level urban form of the three cities have transformed in a similar fashion, and to address the differences between the cities. The variables of this study were population density, centrality, formation and location of facilities, and configuration of street networks, which were tested by T and Chi-square methods in a representative sample of 259 neighborhoods randomly selected from the case-study cities. The results of statistical hypothesis testing reveal a similarity of neighborhood transformations in the cities in terms of population density. Considerable similarities were found in case of historical changes in centrality (the centeredness of neighborhood amenities), location of neighborhood facilities, and street networks; however, the three cities have general similarities in trends, with potentially similar results for urban mobility. The most important identified planning, political, and societal trends that transformed the neighborhood morphologies were top-down interventions in the 1930s and 1940s, socioeconomic and lifestyle changes in the 1970s because of a jump in oil prices, Iran's 1979 revolution, the Iran-Iraq War for Tehran, internal migration triggered by industrialization, mass and formal housing production for Istanbul, and European inspiration in urban planning in the late 19th century, adoption of socialist ideologies in the 1960s, and the capitalist approach to urban planning in recent years for Cairo.},

keywords = {Cairo, Density, Egypt, Iran, Istanbul, large cities, MENA, Tehran},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Close

The micro-level urban morphology of large cities in the Middle East and North Africa and southeastern Europe has not been thoroughly investigated, and its transformation during the past decades has remained less-studied. Hence, this study is meant to partially explain urban morphology of Istanbul, Cairo, and Tehran, three megacities of the region by focusing on the historical neighborhood typologies of the past century. The overall aim of this study is to address the feedbacks of historical urban transformations during the past 100 or 150 years to some important aspects of livability like mobility and social interactions. The objectives are to define the typologies of neighborhoods in the three cities and how they have changed over time, to clarify if the neighborhood-level urban form of the three cities have transformed in a similar fashion, and to address the differences between the cities. The variables of this study were population density, centrality, formation and location of facilities, and configuration of street networks, which were tested by T and Chi-square methods in a representative sample of 259 neighborhoods randomly selected from the case-study cities. The results of statistical hypothesis testing reveal a similarity of neighborhood transformations in the cities in terms of population density. Considerable similarities were found in case of historical changes in centrality (the centeredness of neighborhood amenities), location of neighborhood facilities, and street networks; however, the three cities have general similarities in trends, with potentially similar results for urban mobility. The most important identified planning, political, and societal trends that transformed the neighborhood morphologies were top-down interventions in the 1930s and 1940s, socioeconomic and lifestyle changes in the 1970s because of a jump in oil prices, Iran's 1979 revolution, the Iran-Iraq War for Tehran, internal migration triggered by industrialization, mass and formal housing production for Istanbul, and European inspiration in urban planning in the late 19th century, adoption of socialist ideologies in the 1960s, and the capitalist approach to urban planning in recent years for Cairo.

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Masoumi, Houshmand E.; Hosseini, Maryamsadat; Gouda, Amr Ah

Drivers of Urban Sprawl in the Middle East: Literature on Iran and Egypt Journal Article

In: Human Geographies, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 55-79, 2018.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: drivers, Egypt, Iran, Middle East, urban sprawl

Masoumi, Houshmand E.

The Effects of Employment Centers and Polycentric Urban Form on Urban Travel Characteristics in New Cities and Suburbs of Iran: Knowledge Gaps and Future Research (in Persian) Book Section

In: Mirmoghtadaee, Mahta (Ed.): Urban and Regional Transportation Policies in the New Towns, pp. 97-114, Road, Housing, and Urban Development Research Center, Tehran, Iran, 2017.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: employment centers, Iran, new cities, polycentric urban form, suburbs, urban travel behavior

@incollection{Masoumi2017,

title = {The Effects of Employment Centers and Polycentric Urban Form on Urban Travel Characteristics in New Cities and Suburbs of Iran: Knowledge Gaps and Future Research (in Persian)},

author = {Houshmand E. Masoumi},

editor = {Mahta Mirmoghtadaee},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Houshmand_E_Masoumi/publication/316542706_athrat_mrakz_ashtghal_w_shkl_shhr_chnd_hsth_ay_br_rftar_sfr_dr_shhrhay_jdyd_w_hwmh_hay_ayran_khla_pzhwhshy_w_thqyqat_ayndh/links/5b050b344585154aeb0802e9/athrat-mrakz-ashtghal-w-shkl-shhr-chnd-hsth-ay-br-rftar-sfr-dr-shhrhay-jdyd-w-hwmh-hay-ayran-khla-pzhwhshy-w-thqyqat-ayndh.pdf?origin=publication_detail},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-04-05},

booktitle = {Urban and Regional Transportation Policies in the New Towns},

pages = {97-114},

publisher = {Road, Housing, and Urban Development Research Center},

address = {Tehran, Iran},

abstract = {The influences of the built environment on travel behavior in Iranian cities are under-researched. Such gaps in research are not limited to Iran, but other countries of the Middle East and North Africa and in general, many developing countries lack such studies. In Iran, no empirical studies on the effects of urban land use on travel behavior including travel length, travel frequency, transport mode choice, and car ownership of residents of new cities and suburbs exist. Thus, in this paper, it has been attempted to describe the potentials of polycentric urban form and employment clusters for positively influencing commute and non-commute urban trips in new Iranian new cities and the suburbs on the periphery of the new cities or the mother cities. For that, the international literature of polycentric urban form are reviewed. Such literature includes urban development conceptual models and theories, some of which are economics and some are physical. Likewise, the effects of employment clusters and centers on urban travels in the western world and developing countries are explained. Limited examples from developing countries include Mexico and China, and a more relevant example for Iran is introduced from Turkey. As the main body of the paper, a discussion about the necessity for developing research frameworks targeting the importance of residential self-selection and the possible positive effects of planning job centers including shopping malls, urban sub-centers with different scales, etc. is presented. Meanwhile, two proposals are presented to Iranian scholars for future research: first, cross-sectional studies comparing the function of centered neighborhoods in new cities and suburbs of mother cities, second, longitudinal analysis of the travel behavior impacts of developing large employment centers. Both research proposals can be done by means of collecting disaggregate data using questionnaires. The findings will help decision makers have a better understanding about the uses of job locations in providing alternative and sustainable urban transportation. In the meantime, they will strengthen the scientific body of literature related to the topic. The above are proposed having in mind that the pull factor of land use can have limited effectiveness in affecting urban trips compared to stronger socioeconomic factors in the Iranian context. },

keywords = {employment centers, Iran, new cities, polycentric urban form, suburbs, urban travel behavior},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {incollection}

}

Close

The influences of the built environment on travel behavior in Iranian cities are under-researched. Such gaps in research are not limited to Iran, but other countries of the Middle East and North Africa and in general, many developing countries lack such studies. In Iran, no empirical studies on the effects of urban land use on travel behavior including travel length, travel frequency, transport mode choice, and car ownership of residents of new cities and suburbs exist. Thus, in this paper, it has been attempted to describe the potentials of polycentric urban form and employment clusters for positively influencing commute and non-commute urban trips in new Iranian new cities and the suburbs on the periphery of the new cities or the mother cities. For that, the international literature of polycentric urban form are reviewed. Such literature includes urban development conceptual models and theories, some of which are economics and some are physical. Likewise, the effects of employment clusters and centers on urban travels in the western world and developing countries are explained. Limited examples from developing countries include Mexico and China, and a more relevant example for Iran is introduced from Turkey. As the main body of the paper, a discussion about the necessity for developing research frameworks targeting the importance of residential self-selection and the possible positive effects of planning job centers including shopping malls, urban sub-centers with different scales, etc. is presented. Meanwhile, two proposals are presented to Iranian scholars for future research: first, cross-sectional studies comparing the function of centered neighborhoods in new cities and suburbs of mother cities, second, longitudinal analysis of the travel behavior impacts of developing large employment centers. Both research proposals can be done by means of collecting disaggregate data using questionnaires. The findings will help decision makers have a better understanding about the uses of job locations in providing alternative and sustainable urban transportation. In the meantime, they will strengthen the scientific body of literature related to the topic. The above are proposed having in mind that the pull factor of land use can have limited effectiveness in affecting urban trips compared to stronger socioeconomic factors in the Iranian context.

Close

Gouda, Amr Ah; Hosseini, Maryamsadat; Masoumi, Houshmand E.

The Status of Urban and Suburban Sprawl in Egypt and Iran Journal Article

In: GeoScape, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-15, 2016.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Egypt, Iran, suburban sprawl, urban sprawl

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